Moderate levels of ROS could promote tumor progression by inducing DNA mutations, genomic instabilities or acting as signaling molecules that accelerate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have attracted more attention due to its regulation in cancer development.
Considering the limitations of current diagnosis and therapy methods, there is a pressing need to identify novel potential strategies to offer new, improved diagnosis and therapy methods for GC. Despite of the great progress of traditional chemotherapy and molecular target therapy, the prognosis of GC is still relatively poor, especially in China. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and its mortality rate ranks third worldwide. could serve as a promising multifunctional nanotheranostic platform and as a cancer photo-therapy agent through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction on GC. Guided by FL/MRI/IRT trimodal imaging, could selectively cause mild photo-therapy at cancer region, efficiently inhibit the growth of GC cells without evident systemic toxicity in vivo. Our in vivo data also showed that exhibited good fluorescence (FL) imaging (wrapping fluorescent agent), enhanced T1 imaging under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infrared thermal (IRT) imaging capacities. Since that, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) was opened, followed by inducing more cytochrome c (Cyto C) releasing from mitochondria into cytosol, and finally activated caspase-9/caspase-3-depended cell apoptosis pathway. Meanwhile, mitochondrial damage dramatically changed the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax). The NIR-induced ROS could attack mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (MTPs), then promote mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) production. Surprisingly, it was found that PTT might not be the only factor of cell apoptosis, as ROS induced by PDT also seemed playing an essential role.
Meanwhile, could efficiently enter GC cells, induce combined mild PTT (43–45 ☌) and PDT under mild NIR power density (0.8 W/cm 2). Herein, new nanotheranostics agents were reported by Gd doped HMON decorated by CuS nanocrystals (called exhibited appropriate size distribution, good biocompatibility, l-Glutathione (GSH) responsive degradable properties, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency (82.4%) and a simultaneous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation effect. Moreover, theranostic efficiency of might be well improved by applying multi-modal imaging, which could offer an optimal therapeutic region and time window. However, the certain role of inducing gastric cancer (GC) cells’ mitochondrial damage, remained unclear. CuS-modified hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles have been preferred as non-invasive treatment for cancer, as near infrared (NIR)-induced photo-thermal effect (PTT) and/or photo-dynamic effect (PDT) could increase cancer cells’ apoptosis.
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